Characteristics | Responders (nā=ā158) | Non-responders (nā=ā151) | p value |
---|---|---|---|
General | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āGender, % male | 51 | 65 | 0.01 |
āAge, median (range) | 9.6 (4.1ā16.7) yr | 10.0 (4.1ā16.6) yr | 0.45 |
Epilepsy | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āSeizure frequency (chart-based), median (range) | 1/wk (0/3 moā20/h) | 1/wk (0/3 moā12/h) | 0.64 |
āSeizure frequency (questionnaire-based), median (range) | 2/wk (0/3Ā moā15/day) | - | - |
āEtiology (chart-based), % | Ā | Ā | 0.78 |
āāGenetic | 11 | 13 | |
āāStructural | 48 | 42 | |
āāMetabolic | 4 | 5 | |
āāUnknown | 36 | 39 | |
āSeizure classification (chart-based), % | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āāFocal | 44 | 45 | 0.91 |
āāGeneralized | 51 | 59 | 0.17 |
āāEpileptic spasms | 2 | 1 | 0.62 |
āāUnknown | 18 | 16 | 0.76 |
āLocalization (chart-based), distribution, % | Ā | Ā | 0.06 |
āāFocal | 57 | 48 | |
āāMultifocal | 22 | 24 | |
āāGeneralized | 18 | 19 | |
āāUnknown | 3 | 9 | |
āLocalization (chart-based), lobe, % | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āāFrontal | 18 | 5 | <0.001 |
āāTemporal | 20 | 9 | 0.006 |
āāParietal | 15 | 8 | 0.16 |
āāOccipital | 6 | 4 | 0.60 |
āāUnknown | 15 | 25 | 0.07 |
āAnti-epileptic treatment (questionnaire-based), % | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āāAED | 98 | - | - |
āāāGABA enhancers | 50 | - | Ā |
āāāGlutamate receptor antagonists | 8 | - | Ā |
āāāSodium channel blockers | 60 | - | Ā |
āāāCalcium channel blockers | 25 | - | Ā |
āāāOther | 32 | - | Ā |
āāVagal nerve stimulator | 6 | - | - |
āāKetogenic diet | 6 | - | - |
Developmental | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āIntelligence | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āāIntellectual disability (chart-based), % | 42 | 47 | 0.36 |
āāIQ or DQ (test-based), median (range) | 80 (23ā148) | - | - |
āADHD | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āāDiagnosis (chart-based), % | 1 | 5 | 0.10 |
āāSymptoms (SDQ questionnaire-based), % | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āāāAbnormal | 38 | - | - |
āāāBorderline | 14 | - | Ā |
āāāNormal | 48 | - | Ā |
āASD | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āāDiagnosis (chart-based), % | 12 | 11 | 0.86 |
āāSymptoms (SRS questionnaire-based), % | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āāāSevere ASD symptoms | 12 | - | - |
āāāASD symptoms | 11 | - | Ā |
āāāMild/moderate ASD symptoms | 33 | - | Ā |
āāāNo ASD symptoms | 44 | - | Ā |