Table 3 Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale—Fifth Edition group comparison results
EMMean (SE) | Placebo (n = 16) | Choline (n = 14)a | Statistic | Significance | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Verbal IQ | 88.3 (2.8) | 90.6 (3.1) | F (1, 28) = 0.29 | p = 0.60 | PE2 = 0.01 |
Non-Verbal IQ | 85.6 (2.1) | 92.9 (2.4) | F (1, 28) = 5.17 | p = 0.03* | PE2 = 0.17 |
Fluid Reasoning | 88.1 (3.7) | 90.3 (4.1) | F (1, 28) = 0.15 | p = 0.70 | PE2 = 0.01 |
Knowledge | 85.0 (2.3) | 87.5 (2.6) | F (1, 28) = 0.50 | p = 0.49 | PE2 = 0.02 |
Quantitative Reasoning | 93.1 (2.1) | 92.7 (2.3) | F (1, 28) = 0.02 | p = 0.90 | PE2 = 0.00 |
Visual-Spatial Processing | 91.3 (3.0) | 98.3 (3.3) | F (1, 28) = 2.38 | p = 0.14 | PE2 = 0.08 |
Working Memory | 84.0 (2.5) | 94.4 (2.8) | F (1, 28) = 7.74 | p = 0.01* | PE2 = 0.23 |
Full-Scale IQ | 86.1 (2.4) | 91.1 (2.7) | F (1, 28) = 1.86 | p = 0.19 |  |