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Table 1 Demographic information

From: Using generalizability theory to evaluate the comparative reliability of developmental measures in neurogenetic syndrome and low-risk populations

Chronological Age (months)a

LRC (n = 59)

AS (n = 41)

PWS (n = 30)

WS (n = 42)

 Time 1

19.15 (13.71) n = 59

26.18 (13.45) n = 41

16.38 (9.37) n = 30

27.06 (13.62) n = 42

 Time 2

25.51 (14.25) n = 54

31.69 (13.47) n = 29

23.84 (10.30) n = 25

31.91 (12.36) n = 27

 Time 3

31.02 (13.08) n = 44

29.77 (9.44) n = 15

28.16 (8.95) n = 18

38.07 (11.50) n = 17

 Time 4

40.10 (10.57) n = 28

39.62 (4.13) n = 6

39.33 (7.35) n = 12

44.06 (7.91) n = 6

 Time 5

--

--

48.62; n = 1

--

 Attritionb

n = 10 (17%)

n = 8 (20%)

n = 4 (13%)

n = 10 (24%)

Number of Observationsc

n

n

n

n

 1

5

12

5

15

 2

10

14

7

10

 3

16

9

6

11

 4

28

6

11

6

 5

0

0

1

0

 Total

185

91

86

92

Demographics

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Femaled

23 (39%)

21 (51%)

17 (57%)

21 (50%)

Racee

  White

54 (92%)

34 (83%)

26 (87%)

34 (81%)

  Black

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

  Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

  Multiracial

0 (0%)

2 (5%)

1 (3%)

1 (2%)

  Not Reported

5 (8%)

5 (12%)

3 (10%)

5 (12%)

Ethnicity

  Hispanic/Latino

1 (2%)

1 (2%)

1 (3%)

3 (7%)

  Not Hispanic/Latino

53 (90%)

36 (88%)

26 (87%)

34 (81%)

  Not Reported

5 (8%)

4 (10%)

3 (10%)

5 (12%)

Child adaptive functioning

(at second timepoint)f

M (SD); n

M (SD); n

M (SD); n

M (SD); n

 VL-3 ABC

95.22 (13.85); n = 41

50.14 (8.71); n = 21

70.81 (10.94); n = 21

70.36 (13.38); n = 25

Household incomeg

(most recent timepoint)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

 $0–$15,000

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

 $15,001–$35,000

2 (3%)

3 (7%)

2 (7%)

6 (14%)

 $35,001–$75,000

18 (31%)

9 (22%)

7 (23%)

10 (24%)

 $75,001–$150,000

27 (46%)

17 (42%)

13 (43%)

18 (43%)

 Over $150,000

11 (19%)

7 (17%)

5 (17%)

6 (14%)

 Not reported

1 (2%)

4 (10%)

3 (10%)

1 (2%)

Maternal Education Levelh(most recent timepoint)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

 Less than high school

1 (2%)

6 (15%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 High school degree

5 (8%)

8 (20%)

4 (13%)

7 (17%)

 Associates degree

2 (3%)

3 (7%)

2 (7%)

4 (10%)

 Some college

21 (36%)

8 (20%)

15 (50%)

15 (36%)

 Bachelor’s degree

21 (36%)

16 (39%)

6 (20%)

13 (31%)

 More than bachelor’s degree

8 (14%)

0 (0%)

3 (10%)

3 (7%)

 Not reported

1 (2%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

  1. Note. aParticipants in the AS and WS groups were significantly younger than participants in the PWS and LRC groups at the first observation, F(3,168) = 6.42, p < .001
  2. bSample size decreases across measurement points reflect a combination of attrition, the ongoing nature of our study, and our flexible recruitment approach, which allows participants to enter the study at any age < 60 months, resulting in varying number of completed measurement points across participants at the time of data analysis
  3. cParticipants with only one observation (as opposed to repeated observations) were more likely to be in the AS or WS groups (AS n = 12 [29%], PWS n = 5 [17%], WS n = 15 [36%], LRC n = 5 [8%]). Those who completed only one observation did not differ in sex, χ2(1, n = 172) < .001, p = 1.00; average family income, F(1,161) = 0.051, p = .821; or maternal education, F(1,169) = 0.312, p = .577
  4. dGroups did not differ in sex, χ2(3, n = 172) = 3.06, p = .383
  5. eNo participants were identified as Asian
  6. fBecause our VL-3 data does not include participants who dropped out of the study before the second timepoint, our estimates of adaptive functioning for each group may be biased against participants who dropped out of the study early
  7. gGroups did not differ in average family income, F(3,159) = 0.306, p = .821
  8. hGroups differed in maternal education, F(3,167) = 4.06, p = .008. Tukey’s post-hoc comparisons showed that participants in the AS group had mothers with significantly less education than LRCs, p = .004. No other groups differed significantly in maternal education (p’s > .213)
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Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

ISSN: 1866-1955

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