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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the overall sample and latent classes

From: Capturing cognitive and behavioral variability among individuals with Down syndrome: a latent profile analysis

 

Overall Sample

“Normative” class

“Cognitive” class

“Behavioral” class

N (%)

314 (100)

153 (48.7)

109 (34.7)

52 (16.6)

Age (M, SD)

13.7 (4.7)

13.6 (4.5)

13.5 (4.7)

14.6 (5.1)

Maternal age (M, SD)

34.8 (5.5)

35.4 (5.3)

34.3 (6.2)

34.2 (4.5)

Paternal age (M, SD)

36.4 (5.7)

37.0 (5.5)

35.7 (6.1)

35.9 (5.3)

Household income (%)

 <$75,000

28.7

22.3

34.9

31.4

 $75,000–$100,000

15.5

14.4

17.0

15.7

 $100,000+

55.8

62.3

48.1

52.9

Sex (% male)

51.0

56.9

40.4

55.8

Self-identified race/ethnicity (%)

 White

75.2

80.8

67.6

75.0

 Black

6.4

6.6

8.3

1.9

 Hispanic

3.2

1.3

6.5

1.9

 Asian

14.5

11.3

16.7

19.2

 Other

.6

0

1

1.9

Congenital heart defect (% yes)

61.0

65.6

54.4

60.8

Assessment scores (M, SD)

 KBIT-2

25.2 (11.7)

30.0 (10.8)

16.3 (8.5)

29.9 (9.0)

 CANTAB spatial span

2.7 (1.6)

3.3 (1.2)

1.4 (1.6)

2.9 (1.4)

 NEPSY-II visuomotor precision

13.3 (5.7)

14.2 (5.6)

11.5 (6.0)

14.4 (5.1)

 BRIEF

135 (23.3)

122.7 (19.3)

144.2 (19.5)

154.3 (20.2)

 SIB-R

57.9 (23.3)

70.4 (19.6)

39.3 (18.2)

58.3 (16.7)

 NCBRF conduct problems

7.5 (6.1)

5.1 (4.1)

7.5 (5.3)

14.8 (6.6)

 NCBRF insecure/anxious

4.0 (4.0)

2.7 (2.5)

2.9 (2.5)

10.0 (4.7)

 NCBRF hyperactivity

6.5 (4.4)

4.5 (3.2)

7.7 (4.2)

10.1 (4.7)

 SCQ

8.6 (5.5)

5.2 (3.2)

12.5 (4.9)

11.8 (5.5)

  1. KBIT-2 Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, 2nd edition, CANTAB Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, BRIEF GEC Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function, SIB-R Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised, NCBRF Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form, SCQ Social Communication Questionnaire