Fig. 1

Temporospatial expression patterns of top NDD genes. a Overlap of three main significant gene lists, ASC102 [57], Coe124 [42], and DDD285 [58], suggesting 38 top risk NDD genes. b Using CSEA tool (http://genetics.wustl.edu/jdlab/csea-tool-2/) across cell types with 38 top genes showing enriched expression in D1+ (p-value = 3.1e−04, overlapped genes: PPP2R5D, KCNQ3, GRIN2B, SHANK3, FOXP1, MYT1L, MED13L) and D2+ (p = 0.006, overlapped genes: KCNQ3, SHANK3, FOXP1, MYT1L, MED13L) spiny neurons. c CSEA across brain regions and development stages with 38 top genes showing enriched expression in the cerebellum at early fetal stage (p-value = 0.002, overlapped genes: ADNP, FOXP1, BCL11A, KDM5B, ARID1B, ASXL3, DNMT3A), in the cortex at early mid-fetal stage (p-value = 1.6e−07, overlapped genes: TCF4, GNAI1, ADNP, KDM5B, KMT5B, MYT1L, TCF20, ASXL3, CREBBP, GRIN2B, BCL11A, MED13L), and in the striatum at early mid-fetal stage (p-value = 1.3e−04, overlapped genes: FOXP1, MYT1L, KDM5B, TCF20, ARID1B, BCL11A, DNMT3A)