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Table 2 Rate of symptoms by age (child versus adult) for first visit and lifetime

From: Symptom rates and profile clustering in tuberous sclerosis complex-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND)

Section

Symptom

Total rate (%)

Child rate (%)

Adult rate (%)

Child versus adult χ2

(p value)a,b

Lifetime frequencyc

(%)

Section 3

Anxiety

52.5

43.3

68.0

38.27 (<0.0001) *

53.0

Depressed mood

30.2

17.0

52.4

93.00 (<0.0001) *

31.0

Extreme shyness

21.6

19.6

24.8

2.48 (0.11)

21.9

Mood Swings

52.4

47.8

60.0

9.26 (0.002) *

52.7

Aggressive outburst

42.1

40.9

44.0

0.61 (0.43)

43.3

Temper tantrums

42.5

48.6

32.4

16.73 (<0.0001) *

32.7

Self-injury

25.1

26.3

23.2

0.81 (0.37)

25.4

Delayed language

47.2

51.0

40.8

6.48 (0.01) *

48.2

Repeats words

35.6

35.6

35.6

0.00 (0.99)

36.4

Poor eye contact

36.7

36.6

36.8

0.00 (0.96)

36.8

Difficulty with peers

32.5

33.0

31.6

0.14 (0.71)

32.8

Repetitive behaviors

41.2

41.1

41.2

0.00 (0.99)

41.5

Rigid/inflexible

43.4

40.7

48.0

3.42 (0.06)

44.2

Overactive

34.9

40.2

26.0

13.87 (0.0002) *

35.2

Difficulties with attention

57.3

56.9

58.0

0.07 (0.79)

58.2

Restlessness

46.1

48.1

42.8

1.76 (0.18)

46.7

Impulsivity

44.3

47.6

38.8

4.92 (0.03) *

45.5

Difficulty with eating

36.8

38.0

34.8

0.71 (0.40)

37.7

Sleep difficulties

46.7

41.4

55.6

12.69 (0.0004) *

48.4

Section 4d

ASD

23.4

24.3

22.0

0.49 (0.48)

23.6

ADHD

21.9

24.8

17.1

5.41 (0.02) *

22.4

Anxiety Disorder

19.1

13.3

29.0

24.67 (<0.0001) *

19.7

Depressive

13.8

5.3

28.3

68.16 (<0.0001) *

14.1

OCD

13.1

10.1

18.0

8.48 (0.004) *

13.5

Psychotic

4.9

2.2

9.4

17.52 (<0.0001) *

5.3

Section 6

Reading

41.1

44.4

35.4

4.97 (0.03) *

41.9

Writing

38.8

43.2

31.2

9.03 (0.003) *

39.3

Spelling

37.6

41.0

31.6

5.57 (0.02) *

38.0

Mathematics

43.3

42.7

44.3

0.16 (0.69)

44.0

Section 7

Memory

36.6

31.0

46.4

15.41 (<0.0001) *

38.0

Attention

59.4

57.9

62.0

1.07 (0.30)

60.3

Multi-tasking

58.1

58.0

58.2

0.00 (0.96)

58.9

Visuo-spatial tasks

38.8

41.0

35.0

2.24 (0.13)

39.7

Executive skills

54.5

56.3

51.5

1.40 (0.24)

55.0

Getting disoriented

33.0

31.6

35.4

1.00 (0.32)

33.8

  1. a*represents p value that was still significant (<0.05) after FDR-adjustment. The higher prevalence between adult and child groups is bolded
  2. bChi-square analysis with 1 degree of freedom
  3. cFrequency of “yes” throughout study period
  4. dSection 4 was not included in the cluster or factor analyses
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Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

ISSN: 1866-1955

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