Skip to main content

Table 3 Prevalence of symptoms by self-reported IQ level

From: Symptom rates and profile clustering in tuberous sclerosis complex-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND)

Section

Symptom

Normal (IQ ≥70)

n = 90 (%)

Mild/moderate disability

(IQ 35–69) n = 93 (%)

Severe/

profound disability

(IQ <35) n = 51 (%)

Normal vs abnormal IQ χ2 (p value)a,b,c

Section 3

Anxiety

67.8

74.2

58.8

0.02 (0.88)

Depressed mood

44.4

40.9

25.5

1.90 (0.17)

Extreme shyness

32.2

25.8

17.6

2.46 (0.12)

Mood Swings

54.4

64.5

68.6

3.11 (0.08)

Aggressive outburst

38.9

55.9

66.7

9.63 (0.002) *

Temper tantrums

33.3

57.0

58.8

13.10 (0.0003) *

Self-injury

14.4

25.8

58.8

14.41 (< 0.0001) *

Delayed language

27.8

62.4

88.2

42.78 (< 0.0001) *

Repeats words

28.9

63.4

56.9

23.02 (< 0.0001) *

Poor eye contact

28.9

46.2

60.8

11.46 (0.0004) *

Difficulty with peers

34.4

55.9

49.0

8.07 (0.0007) *

Repetitive behaviors

34.4

57.0

76.5

19.26 (< 0.0001) *

Rigid/inflexible

44.4

67.7

66.7

11.98 (0.0005) *

Overactive

31.1

41.9

51.0

4.55 (0.03) *

Difficulties with attention

58.9

78.5

86.3

13.94 (0.0002) *

Restlessness

42.2

51.6

76.5

7.37 (0.007) *

Impulsivity

40.0

71.0

64.7

18.76 (< 0.0001) *

Difficulty with eating

27.8

39.8

72.5

12.65 (0.0004) *

Sleep difficulties

56.7

63.4

56.9

0.45 (0.50)

Section 4 d

ASD

17.8

37.6

51.0

15.16 (< 0.0001) *

ADHD

34.4

41.9

27.5

0.13 (0.71)

Anxiety disorder

32.2

31.2

17.6

0.92 (0.34)

Depressive

21.1

25.8

11.8

0.00 (0.96)

OCD

16.7

26.9

25.5

2.99 (0.08)

Psychotic

3.3

9.7

11.8

3.91 (0.05) *

Section 6

Reading

40.0

78.3

62.0

24.28 (< 0.0001) *

Writing

34.4

75.0

62.0

29.01 (< 0.0001) *

Spelling

30.0

70.7

64.0

32.49 (< 0.0001) *

Mathematics

33.3

85.9

64.0

46.45 (< 0.0001) *

Section 7

Memory

37.8

52.7

68.0

9.13 (0.001) *

Attention

60.0

86.8

82.0

18.63 (< 0.0001) *

Multi-tasking

58.9

93.4

88.0

34.93 (< 0.0001) *

Visuo-spatial tasks

25.6

58.2

80.0

35.87 (< 0.0001) *

Executive skills

53.3

91.2

84.0

36.44 (< 0.0001) *

Getting disoriented

20.0

49.5

72.0

31.46 (< 0.0001) *

  1. aAbnormal is defined as anyone with IQ < 70 (includes mild, moderate, severe, and profound groups)
  2. bChi-square analysis with 1 degree of freedom
  3. c*represents p value that stayed significant (< 0.05) after FDR-adjustment
  4. dSection 4 was not included in the cluster or factor analyses
Back to article page

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

ISSN: 1866-1955

Contact us