Fig. 2

Immunohistochemistry for contactin-3. A – contactin-3 expression was observed in neuronal soma/neuropil in the autopsy-derived control cortex; B – arrows and inset indicate contactin-3-immunoreactive pyramidal neurons; C – weaker staining and more sparsely located contactin-3-immunoreactive neurons were observed in cortical tubers (arrows); D – balloon cells were mostly contactin-3-negative or showed perinuclear expression (E, arrows, inset); F – some dysmorphic neurons showed strong contactin-3 immunoreactivity (arrowhead in F and inset a); scale bar 100 μm; (G-I) – double-labelling of contactin-3 (blue) with cell-type specific markers, NeuN for neurons (G), GFAP for astrocytes (H) and HLA-DR for microglia, scale bar – 25 μm