Table 3 Within group associations between DSM-5 anxiety in Cornelia de Lange and fragile X syndromes indicating co-morbidity
From: Divergent presentation of anxiety in high-risk groups within the intellectual disability population
Agoraphobia | Separation anxiety | Social anxiety | Selective mutism | Specific phobias | Generalised anxiety | Obsessive compulsive | Trauma and stressor-related disorders | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CdLS | n = 25 | n = 17 | n = 26 | n = 13 | n = 37 | n = 22 | n = 13 | n = 8 | |
n (%) also scoring for: | Agoraphobia | -- | 11 (64.7) | 19 (73.1)** | 10 (76.9) | 22 (59.5) | 18 (81.8)*** | 9 (69.2) | 2 (25.0) |
Separation anxiety | 11 (44.0) | -- | 11 (42.3) | 3 (23.1) | 17 (45.9)* | 7 (31.8) | 6 (46.2) | 1 (12.5) | |
Social anxiety | 19 (76.0)** | 11 (64.7) | -- | 13 (100.0)*** | 22 (59.5) | 15 (68.2) | 10 (76.9) | 3 (37.5) | |
Selective mutism | 10 (40.0) | 3 (17.6) | 13 (50.0)*** | -- | 12 (32.4) | 8 (36.4) | 5 (38.5) | 2 (25.0) | |
Specific phobias | 22 (88.0) | 17 (100.0)* | 22 (84.6) | 12 (92.3) | -- | 19 (86.4) | 13 (100) | 5 (62.5) | |
Generalised anxiety | 18 (72.0)*** | 7 (41.2) | 15 (57.7) | 8 (61.5) | 19 (51.4) | -- | 8 (61.5) | 2 (25.0) | |
Obsessive compulsive | 9 (69.2) | 6 (35.3) | 10 (38.5) | 5 (38.5) | 13 (64.9) | 8 (36.4) | -- | 2 (25.0) | |
Trauma and stressor-related disorders | 2 (8.0) | 1 (5.9) | 3 (11.5) | 2 (15.4) | 5 (13.5) | 2 (9.1) | 2 (15.4) | -- | |
FXS | n = 25 | n = 10 | n = 27 | n = 5 | n = 25 | n = 20 | n = 5 | n = 4 | |
n (%) also scoring for: | Agoraphobia | -- | 9 (90.0) | 21 (77.8) | 5 (100.0) | 17 (68.0) | 15 (75.0) | 5 (100.0) | 3 (75.0) |
Separation anxiety | 9 (36.0) | -- | 8 (29.6) | 2 (40.0) | 10 (40.0)* | 7 (35.0) | 4 (80.0)* | 3 (75.0) | |
Social anxiety | 21 (84.0) | 8 (80.0) | -- | 5 (100.0) | 17 (68.0) | 17 (85.0) | 5 (100.0) | 3 (75.0) | |
Selective mutism | 5 (20.0) | 2 (20.0) | 5 (18.5) | -- | 2 (8.0) | 3 (15.0) | 2 (40.0) | 1 (25.0) | |
Specific phobias | 17 (68.0) | 10 (100.0)* | 17 (63.0) | 2 (40.0) | -- | 15 (75.0) | 5 (100.0) | 3 (75.0) | |
Generalised anxiety | 15 (60.0) | 7 (70.0) | 17 (63.0) | 3 (30.0) | 15 (60.0) | -- | 3(60.0) | 2 (50.0) | |
Obsessive compulsive | 5 (20.0) | 4 (40.0)* | 5 (18.5) | 2 (40.0) | 5 (20.0) | 3 (15.0) | -- | 2 (50.0) | |
Trauma and stressor-related disorders | 3 (12.0) | 3 (30.0) | 3(11.1) | 1 (20.0) | 3 (12.0) | 2 (10.0) | 2 (40.0) | -- | |