Table 1 Neuropsychological studies on working memory in high-functioning adolescents with ASD

Ozonoff and Strayer (2001) [11]

7-18

(n = 25) Autism

96.3 (17.8)

Age

Running memory task (2)

N

(n = 15) TS

99.0 (11.4)

Gender

Spatial memory span (5)

(n = 15) TYP

107.1 (10.5)

IQ

Box search task (5)

Geurts et al. (2004) [2]

6-13

(n = 41) HFA

98.3 (18.4)

Age

SoP (12)

N

(n = 54) ADHD

99.5 (11.5)

Gender

(n = 41) TYP

111.5 (18.0)

Goldberg et al. 2005 [55]

8-12

(n = 17) HFA

96.5 (15.9)

Age

CANTAB SWM (8)

Y

(n = 21) ADHD

113.8 (10.3)

(n = 32) TYP

112.6 (12.1)

Landa and Goldberg (2005) [54]

7-17.5

(n = 19) HFA

109.7 (15.8)

Age

CANTAB SWM (8)

Y

(n = 19) TYP

113.4 (14.3)

Gender

IQ

Williams et al. (2005) [52]

8-16

(n = 24) HFA

109.7 (16.1)

Age

WRAML FW (6)

Y

(n = 44) TYP

110.0 (10.7)

IQ

Happé et al. (2006) [47]

8-16

(n = 32) HFA, AS

99.7 (18.7)

Age

CANTAB SWM (8)

N

(n = 30) ADHD, HD

99.1 (17.1)

Gender

(n = 32) TYP

106.8 (13.4)

IQ

Verté et al. (2006) [12]

6-13

(n = 50) HFA

98.2 (17.3)

Age

SoP (12)

Y

(n = 37) AS

105.2 (16.3)

Gender

(n = 25) PDD-NOS

98.3 (14.4)

(n = 47) TYP

112.1 (9.7)

Williams et al. (2006) [51]

8-16

(n = 38) HFA

103.8 (14.3)

Age

WRAML FW (6)

Y

(n = 38) TYP

107.2 (9.4)

IQ

Luna et al. (2007) [50]

8-33

(n = 61) HFA

110.7 (16.8)

Age

ODR

Y

Gender

(n = 61) TYP

111.0 (13.8)

IQ

Steele et al. (2007) [49]

8-29

(n = 29) HFA

107.8 (11.0)

Age

CANTAB SWM (8)

Y

(n = 29) TYP

110.8 (9.9)

IQ

McGonigle-Chalmers et al. (2008) [57]

6.8-13.9

(n = 20) Autism, AS

* 76 (19.9)

Age

Size sequencing task

Y

(n = 20) TYP

* 90 (8.6)

Sinzig et al. (2008) [48]

6-18

(n = 20) HFA, AS

112 (17.7)

Gender

CANTAB SWM (8)

N

(n = 20) HFA, AS + ADHD

103 (13.0)

(n = 20) ADHD

98 (13.4)

(n = 20) TYP

113 (11.9)

Corbett et al. (2009) [53]

7-12

(n = 18) ASD

94.2(17.8)

Age

CANTAB SS (9)

Y

(n = 18) ADHD

105.2(12.8)

CANTAB SWM (8)

(n = 18) TYP

112.2(14.8)