Fig. 2

Social Attention During Object Engagement (SADOE) is greater among both high-likelihood (HL) and low-likelihood (LL) toddlers without ASD compared to toddlers with ASD. (A) Total time engaged with focal toys was not significantly different between groups (bars show mean ± 1 SE). B) Proportions of time each group spent looking at social and nonsocial targets during engagement with the focal toys. (C) HL- and LL- groups made more social looks per minute during play with the focal toys compared to the HL + group with ASD (LL- vs. HL + , p = .007; HL- vs. HL + , p < .001), with no significant difference in LL- versus HL- groups (p = .75; bars show mean ± 1 SE). Single asterisk indicates p < .01. Double asterisk indicates p < .001. (D) Number of social looks per minute by type for each group. Among social look types, the HL + group was lower than both the LL- and HL- groups specifically for spontaneous social looks (p’s ≤ .012). (E) Social look types as in (D) but expressed as a percentage of the total number of social looks. The HL + group displayed a lower percentage of spontaneous looks than the LL- and HL- groups (p’s ≤ .02). LL-, low-likelihood of ASD without a diagnosis (N = 19); HL-, high-likelihood of ASD without a diagnosis (N = 33); HL + , high-likelihood of ASD with a diagnosis (N = 15). ASD, autism spectrum disorder; SE, standard error